Can Philly become a hothouse for bananas and pineapples as the climate warms? (2024)

Can Philly become a hothouse for bananas and pineapples as the climate warms? (1)

As climate change warms Philadelphia, the plants that can be grown in the city will change, too.

The nonprofit Philadelphia Orchard Project believes that fruits more associated with more southern climates can be raised locally and is experimenting with what's possible to grow.

The Orchard Project has erected two high tunnel unheated greenhouses at the Woodlands estate, a 54-acre protected national historic landmark in West Philadelphia. The group helps 69 partners, mostly community orchards in formerly vacant lots, figure out what to plant, how to plant, and how to harvest.

The high tunnels will serve as living labs to grow more exotic fruits and vegetables, according to Phil Forsyth, the Orchard Project's co-executive director. The plastic covered hoops are 22 feet wide, 48 feet long, and 14 feet high and naturally heated by the sun in winter to help plants survive inside. The tunnels are vented and can be covered to block light and allow temperatures to drop if needed.

"This is our newest exploration of what's possible in terms of perennial crops in Philadelphia," Forsyth said. "We saw this project as an important way to investigate crops in a changing climate."

Some community groups Forsyth works with are already using high tunnels to grow tomatoes and greens.

What's possible?

The new tunnels at the Woodlands will take that further by growing crops that would be new for Philadelphia gardening. Although not heated, they will allow fruit trees to survive winters as Philly moves up in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's hardiness zone.

The USDA designates 13 zones, each indicating the likelihood of success for different plants in a given area. Zone 1 represents the coldest conditions, while Zone 13 signifies the warmest. Each zone is further divided into subcategories A and B. Forsyth notes that Philadelphia was initially classified as 6B when he arrived in the city in 2006, but it has since shifted to 7B. This change significantly impacts the range of crops that can thrive in the region

The Philly Orchard Project is preparing for a shift into Zone 8 in coming years by planting olives, bananas, guava, and hardy citrus, including yuzu and kumquat.

Since the 1970s, the average spring has warmed more than 2 degrees in the region, the average summer more than 3 degrees, and the average winter more than 5 degrees, presenting challenges but also opportunities.

"We're also exploring different seasons of production for fruiting crops," Forsyth said. "So we are planting some of the more standard things like strawberries and raspberries and fig trees and are getting fruit a month sooner than normal and later in the fall."

Forsyth sees this "as a silver lining" to the "very black cloud" of climate change.

"As the climate warms, it's going to be possible to grow other things, or maybe less, as we get warmer," he said. "We want to be ready to adjust to those changes and share that knowledge with our community partners."

Philly-grown bananas?

That experimentation might allow people who have immigrated to the U.S. from hotter climates to enjoy fruits native to their homelands. Forsyth is most excited about experimenting with bananas. In recent years, a fungus has threatened the Cavendish, the typical yellow banana bought by Americans in supermarkets. The Philly Orchard Project has planted two other varieties of bananas: dwarf Orinoco, which is native to Venezuela, and Raja Puri, which is native to India.

"I'm pretty certain we can get the plants to survive the winter and get it to fruit," Forsyth said. "We'll give it some nighttime winter protection, probably by surrounding with fencing and stuffing it with fall leaves as additional insulation."

He hopes that those efforts, combined with the high tunnel, will allow the nonprofit to be fruiting bananas in the city.

The Philly Orchard Project, which has its headquarters at the Woodlands, also helps community groups plant more commonly grown fruit and nut trees, berry bushes, fruiting vines, herbs, flowers, and vegetables like asparagus and Jerusalem artichoke.

More figs, but more pests

Ty Holmberg, cofounder of Sankofa Community Farm at Bartram's Garden, is one of the Orchard Project's partners, and was started with a motivation "rooted in the African diaspora." The farm's orchard contains 60 trees that include figs, pawpaws, cherries, and pecans. Holmberg credits the Orchard Project with helping make the farm a success.

Holmberg said the growing season has changed in the years since Sankofa began.

"We've seen such a change in the last 14 years in the first frost date and the last frost date from climate change," Holmberg said. "Since we started growing it has extended about three weeks on each end."

As a result, figs routinely produce two crops, without the second crop failing from an early fall frost. And tomatoes can be planted in early April, instead of the beginning of May. However, Holmberg said that comes with a price.

"The benefit is that you have a longer growing season," he said. "The downside is that ... all of the insects or diseases that might have been killed off with a harsh freeze in winter time, we're seeing that carry over from season to season. So it's putting us kind of out of whack."

2024 The Philadelphia Inquirer, LLC. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Citation:Can Philly become a hothouse for bananas and pineapples as the climate warms? (2024, May 14)retrieved 22 May 2024from https://phys.org/news/2024-05-philly-hothouse-bananas-pineapples-climate.html

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Can Philly become a hothouse for bananas and pineapples as the climate warms? (2024)

FAQs

How will Philadelphia be affected by climate change? ›

Heat risk in Philadelphia, PA

By 2050, people in Philadelphia are projected to experience an average of about 35 days per year over 93.7ºF. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves, even in places with cooler average temperatures. See more information on heat risk.

How are bananas affected by climate change? ›

As well as severe weather impacting production, bananas are sensitive to temperature rises which could wipe out crops in some locations. Perhaps the biggest immediate threat is the fact that rising temperatures are helping to spread disease.

Will Pennsylvania be affected by climate change? ›

Pennsylvania's climate has also become wetter, with a 10 percent increase in the amount of precipitation, on average. Pennsylvanians can expect to see an additional 8 percent increase in precipitation by 2050. Human activities related to greenhouse gas emissions have been linked to disruption in the global climate.

Which city will be most affected by climate change? ›

Climate change poses a significant threat to the economies of U.S. cities, with metro areas like San Francisco, New York City and Phoenix among the most at risk of sea-level rise, extreme heat and water stress, according to a new report by Moody's Analytics.

What happens when bananas get hot? ›

The ripening process for bananas can be sped up if heat is present. If you had a banana in a hot car or lying on the stove top while something was in the oven, a banana may ripen much faster. Also, refrigerating a banana will make the yellow peel turn dark but the ripening of the fruit itself will slow.

Do bananas grow in hot climates? ›

Today they are grown in tropical regions across the globe, from South and Central America to India, China and Africa. Bananas grow in hot, tropical climates. Banana plants look like trees but are actually giant herbs related to lilies and orchids.

What temperature damages bananas? ›

Green bananas are shipped at a pulp temperature range of 56 to 58°F (13 to 14°C); temperatures below 56°F (13°C) may cause chilling injury within 2 to 24 hours, depending on the cultivar, maturity stage, and temperature (the lower the temperature, the faster chilling injury will occur).

How much will the sea level rise in Philadelphia? ›

The report also indicates that the Delaware River is rising about an inch per decade. It projects that sea level rise in Philadelphia will increase by 7 to 11 inches by the 2030s, 14 to 19 inches by the 2050s, and 24 to 38 inches by the 2080s.

Is Philadelphia growing or Shrinking? ›

Philadelphia population shrinks by more than 16K residents, 2023 Census data shows. Philadelphia's population, as of last summer, stood at 1.550 million people. The newest Census data estimate Philadelphia's population dropped by more than 16,000 residents between July of 2022 and July of 2023.

Is Philadelphia prone to natural disasters? ›

There are several natural disasters that Philadelphia is susceptible to, including hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes.

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